Bạn đã bao giờ đọc một bài báo mà từ nào cũng biết nhưng ghép lại thì… không hiểu gì chưa? Đó chính là sự hiện diện của Jargon (Thuật ngữ chuyên môn). Kỳ số 07 của “Daily Reading” IELTS Master – Engonow English sẽ giúp bạn khám phá sâu hơn về những ngôn ngữ này. Tại sao các ngành nghề lại dùng chúng? Chúng giúp chúng ta chuyên nghiệp hơn hay chỉ làm mọi thứ thêm phức tạp?
trananhkhang.com
Bài đọc:
Wildfires are usually the product of human negligence. Humans start about 90% of wild fires and lightning causes the other 10%. Regular causes for wildfires include arson, camping fires, throwing away cigarettes, burning rubbish, and playing with fireworks or matches. Once begun, wildfires can spread at a rate of up to 23 kph and, as a fire spreads over a landscape, it could undertake a life of its own – doing different things to keep itself going, even creating other blazes by throwing cinders miles away.
The reality, however, is that everyone uses jargon. It is an essential part of the network of occupations and pursuits that make up society. All jobs present an element of jargon, which workers learn as they develop their expertise. All hobbies require mastery of a jargon. Each society grouping has its jargon. The phenomenon turns out to be universal – and valuable. It is the jargon element which, in a job, can promote economy and precision of expression, and thus help make life easier for the workers. It is also the chief linguistic element which shows professional awareness (‘know-how’) and social togetherness (‘shop-talk’).
When we have learned to command it, jargon is something we readily take pleasure in, whether the subject area is motorcycles, knitting, cricket, baseball or computers. It can add pace, variety and humour to speech – as when, with an important event approaching, we might slip into NASA-speak, and talk about countdown, all systems go, and lift-off. We enjoy the mutual showing-off which stems from a fluent use of terminology, and we enjoy the in-jokes which shared linguistic experience permits. Moreover, we are jealous of this knowledge. We are quick to demean anyone who tries to be part of our group without being prepared to take on its jargon.If jargon is so essential a part of our lives, why then has it had such a bad press? The most important reason stems from the way jargon can exclude as well as include. We may not be too concerned if we find ourselves faced with an impenetrable wall of jargon when the subject matter has little perceived relevance to our everyday lives, as in the case of hydrology, say, or linguistics. But when the subject matter is one where we feel implicated, and think we have a right to know, and the speaker uses words which make it hard for us to understand, then we start to complain; and if we suspect that the obfuscation is deliberate policy, we unreservedly condemn, labelling it gobbledegook and calling down public derision upon it.
If jargon is so essential a part of our lives, why then has it had such a bad press? The most important reason stems from the way jargon can exclude as well as include. We may not be too concerned if we find ourselves faced with an impenetrable wall of jargon when the subject matter has little perceived relevance to our everyday lives, as in the case of hydrology, say, or linguistics. But when the subject matter is one where we feel implicated, and think we have a right to know, and the speaker uses words which make it hard for us to understand, then we start to complain; and if we suspect that the obfuscation is deliberate policy, we unreservedly condemn, labelling it gobbledegook and calling down public derision upon it.
No area is exempt, but the fields of advertising, politics and defence have been especially criticised in recent years by the various campaigns for Plain English. In these domains, the extent to which people are prepared to use jargon to hide realities is a ready source of amusement, disbelief and horror. A lie is a lie, which can be only temporarily hidden by calling it an ‘inoperative statement’ or ‘an instance of plausible deniability’. Nor can a nuclear plant explosion be suppressed for long behind such phrases as ‘energetic disassembly’, ‘abnormal evolution’ or ‘plant transient’.
While condemning unnecessary or obscuring jargon in others, we should not forget to look out for it in ourselves. It is so easy to ‘slip into’ jargon, without realizing that our own listeners/readers do not understand. It is also temptingly easy to slip some jargon into our expression, to ensure that others do not understand. And it is just as easy to begin using jargon which we ourselves do not understand. The motivation to do such apparently perverse things is not difficult to grasp. People like to be ‘in’, to be part of an intellectual or technical elite; and the use of jargon, whether understood or not, is a badge of membership. Jargon, also, can provide a lazy way into a group or an easy way of hiding uncertainties and inadequacies: when terminology slips plausibly from the tongue, it is not essential for the brain to keep up. Indeed some people have developed this skill to professional levels. And certainly, faced with a telling or awkward question, and the need to say something acceptable in public, slipping into jargon becomes a simple way out, and can soon become a bad habit.
Từ vựng nổi bật:
- Jargon (n) /ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/: Thuật ngữ chuyên môn
- Obscure (adj) /əbˈskjʊə(r)/: Mơ hồ, khó hiểu
- Pretentious (adj) /prɪˈten.ʃəs/: Tự phụ, làm ra vẻ quan trọng
- Terminology (n) /ˌtɜː.mɪˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/: Hệ thống thuật ngữ
- Obfuscation (n) /ˌɒb.fʌsˈkeɪ.ʃən/: Sự cố ý làm cho khó hiểu
- Gobbledegook (n) /ˈɡɒb.əl.di.ɡʊk/: Ngôn ngữ rắc rối, vô nghĩa
- Linguistic (adj) /lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk/: Thuộc về ngôn ngữ học
- Fluent (adj) /ˈfluː.ənt/: Trôi chảy, thành thạo
- Idiom (n) /ˈɪd.i.əm/: Thành ngữ
- Utterance (n) /ˈʌt.ər.əns/: Lời nói, cách phát ngôn
- Expertise (n) /ˌek.spɜːˈtiːz/: Sự thành thạo, kỹ năng chuyên môn
- Mastery (n) /ˈmɑː.stər.i/: Sự làm chủ, am tường
- Occupation (n) /ˌɒk.juˈpeɪ.ʃən/: Nghề nghiệp
- Pursuit (n) /pəˈsjuːt/: Hoạt động theo đuổi
- Awareness (n) /əˈweə.nəs/: Nhận thức
- Togetherness (n) /təˈɡeð.ə.nəs/: Sự gắn kết
- Elite (n) /iˈliːt/: Nhóm tinh hoa, tầng lớp ưu tú
- Membership (n) /ˈmem.bə.ʃɪp/: Tư cách thành viên
- Overshadow (v) /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃæd.əʊ/: Làm lu mờ
- Promote (v) /prəˈməʊt/: Thúc đẩy
- Command (v) /kəˈmɑːnd/: Làm chủ, kiểm soát tốt
- Demean (v) /dɪˈmiːn/: Hạ thấp giá trị
- Exclude (v) /ɪkˈskluːd/: Loại trừ
- Implicated (adj) /ˈɪm.plɪ.keɪ.tɪd/: Có liên quan đến
- Condemn (v) /ɪkˈstriːm/: Lên án, kết tội
- Exempt (adj) /ɪɡˈzempt/: Được miễn trừ
- Suppressed (v/adj) /səˈprest/: Bị kìm nén, che giấu
- Plausible (adj) /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/: Có vẻ hợp lý, đáng tin
- Universal (adj) /ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.səl/: Phổ quát, chung cho mọi người
- Inadequate (adj) /ɪnˈæd.ɪ.kwət/: Thiếu hụt, không đủ năng lực
IELTS Master powered by Engonow
Enlighten Your Goal Now.
Quận 6 – Bình Tân, TP HCM / Online toàn cầu.
engonow.edu.vn
Xem thêm: [DAILY READING #3] CHỦ ĐỀ “NETWORKING”
